Chronic valvular heart disease (CVHD) is a common condition in older cats, with an estimated prevalence of 15-20%. It typically affects the mitral valve, although other valves may also be affected. CVHD is characterized by degenerative changes in the valve leaflets, resulting in valvular insufficiency and/or stenosis.
The pathogenesis of CVHD in cats is not well understood, but it is thought to be similar to that in humans, where age-related degenerative changes lead to valve dysfunction. Risk factors for developing CVHD include advanced age, breed (e.g. Maine Coon, Persian), and underlying conditions such as hypertension and hyperthyroidism.
Clinical signs of CVHD in cats are often nonspecific and may include lethargy, exercise intolerance, coughing, and respiratory distress. However, some cats may be asymptomatic, and the condition is only detected incidentally on routine physical examination or imaging studies. Diagnosis of CVHD in cats is typically based on physical examination findings, radiographic and echocardiographic evidence of valvular dysfunction, and laboratory tests such as NT-proBNP levels.
Treatment of CVHD in cats is aimed at managing clinical signs, improving quality of life, and delaying disease progression. Medical management may include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and anticoagulants. In some cases, surgical intervention such as valve repair or replacement may be considered, although this is less commonly performed in cats compared to dogs.
Prognosis for cats with CVHD is variable and depends on the severity of valvular dysfunction, presence of clinical signs, and response to treatment. Regular monitoring of affected cats is essential to assess disease progression and adjust treatment as needed.
In conclusion, CVHD is a common condition in older cats that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Early detection and appropriate management are essential in improving outcomes for affected cats. Veterinarians play a key role in diagnosing and managing CVHD in cats to ensure optimal quality of life for these patients.
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Chronic valvular heart disease is a common condition in older cats and can lead to significant morbidity. Early detection and appropriate management are key in improving outcomes for affected cats. Veterinarians play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing this condition to ensure the best quality of life for their feline patients.
